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Grant support

We would like to thank Dr. Aiko Kurimoto, Dr. Kevan Dettelbach, Dr. Yang Cao, Fraser Parlane, Andrew Jewlal, Oliver Horner, and Connor Rupnow for their assistance with various characterization methods. The authors are grateful to Google LLC, the Canadian Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (RGPIN-2018-06748) , Canadian Founda-tion for Innovation (229288) , Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (BSE-BERL-162173) , and Canada Research Chairs for financial support. The authors would like to thank Dr. David Waldeck, Dr. Jose Ramon Galan-Mascaros, and Dr. Jeffrey Long for their support throughout the project. This research was undertaken thanks in part to funding from the Canada First Research Excellence Fund and the Quantum Materials and Future Technologies Program. SEM imaging was performed in the Centre for High-Throughput Phenogenomics at the University of British Columbia, a facility supported by the Canada Foundation for Innovation, British Columbia Knowledge Development Foundation, and the UBC Faculty of Dentistry.

Analysis of institutional authors

Pineda, FagAuthor

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Article

Quantification of the Effect of an External Magnetic Field on Water Oxidation with Cobalt Oxide Anodes

Publicated to:Journal Of The American Chemical Society. 144 (2): 733-739 - 2022-01-19 144(2), DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08759

Authors: Hunt, C; Zhang, ZS; Ocean, K; Jansonius, RP; Abbas, M; Dvorak, DJ; Kurimoto, A; Lees, EW; Ghosh, S; Turkiewicz, A; Pineda, FAG; Fork, DK; Berlinguette, CP

Affiliations

Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol BIST, Inst Chem Res Catalonia ICIQ, Tarragona 43007, Spain - Author
Canadian Inst Adv Res CIFAR, 661 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada - Author
Google LLC, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA - Author
Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Columbia, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada - Author
Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Columbia, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada - Author
Univ British Columbia, Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Inst, Columbia, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada - Author
Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA - Author
Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA - Author
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Abstract

Here, we quantify the effect of an external magnetic field (beta) on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for a cobalt oxide vertical bar fluorine-doped tin oxide coated glass (CoOx vertical bar FTO) anode. A bespoke apparatus enables us to precisely determine the relationship between magnetic flux density (beta) and OER activity at the surface of a CoOx vertical bar FTO anode. The apparatus includes a strong NdFeB magnet (beta(max) = 450 +/- 1 mT) capable of producing a magnetic field of 371 +/- 1 mT at the surface of the anode. The distance between the magnet and the anode surface is controlled by a linear actuator, enabling submillimeter distance positioning of the magnet relative to the anode surface. We couple this apparatus with a finite element analysis magnetic model that was validated by Hall probe measurements to determine the value of beta at the anode surface. At the largest tested magnetic field strength of beta = 371 +/- 1 mT, a 4.7% increase in current at 1.5 V vs the normal hydrogen electrode (NHE) and a change in the Tafel slope of 14.5 mV/dec were observed. We demonstrate through a series of OER measurements at sequential values of beta that the enhancement consists of two distinct regions. The possible use of this effect to improve the energy efficiency of commercial water electrolyzers is discussed, and major challenges pertaining to the accurate measurement of the phenomenon are demonstrated.

Keywords

catalystschiral moleculeselectrocatalystselectrolysistransportAnode surfacesAnodesCatalystsChiral moleculesCobalt compoundsCobalt oxidesElectrocatalystsElectrolysisEnergy efficiencyExternal magnetic fieldFluorine compoundsFluorine doped-tin oxidesIron alloysLinear actuatorsMagnetic actuatorsMagnetic fieldsMagnetic-fieldMagnetsNanocompositesNdfeb magnetNeodymium alloysOxide coated glassReaction activitySpin polarizationSubmillimetreTin oxidesTransportWater oxidation

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Journal Of The American Chemical Society due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2022, it was in position 17/178, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Chemistry, Multidisciplinary. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from World Citations provided by WoS (ESI, Clarivate), it yields a value for the citation normalization relative to the expected citation rate of: 2.02. This indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: ESI Nov 14, 2024)

This information is reinforced by other indicators of the same type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of their calculation, consistently position the work at some point among the top 50% most cited in its field:

  • Field Citation Ratio (FCR) from Dimensions: 5.72 (source consulted: Dimensions Jun 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-06-10, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 30
  • Scopus: 31
  • Google Scholar: 21
  • OpenCitations: 28

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-06-10:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 56.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 55 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 8.55.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 15 (Altmetric).

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Canada; United States of America.

the author responsible for correspondence tasks has been Ocean, K.